Windows Service

• CMD

  • sc

  • Reference

    • Windows: List Services – CMD & PowerShell (opens in a new tab)
    • Managing Windows Services with the Service Controller Command (opens in a new tab)

Elevate permission

• 5 Windows Alternatives to the Linux sudo Command (opens in a new tab)

Disk IO

robocopy

• Microsoft Learn - robocopy (opens in a new tab)

diskpart

• Microsoft Learn - diskpart (opens in a new tab)

Directory

• CMD

  • dir /x

    Displays the short names generated for non-8.3 file names, which can be used to avoid spaces in paths.

  • UNC paths are not supported

    • StackOverflow - windows bat file error (opens in a new tab)

• Powershell

  • cmd /c dir /x

Environment Variable

• Windows environment variables

  • Recognized Environment Variables (opens in a new tab)

• Display environment variable value

  • PowerShell: $env:<VARIABLE_NAME>, use TAB key for auto complete.

• Refresh environment variables, making changes take effect

  • PowerShell: If chocolatey is installed, use refreshenv.

Powershell

• Use the old-fashioned CMD prompt

  cmd /c <CMD command>

• The Help System

  Get-Help / help <command-name>

• Sends output to an interactive table in a separate window

  Out-GridView (opens in a new tab)

  Get-Service | Out-GridView

• Paginate standard output

  Get-Service | more
  • <SPACE>: Next page
  • <ENTER>: Next line
  • q: Quit

• Transpose output of a table

  Get-Service | Format-List

• Prettify output as a table

  • Format-Table (opens in a new tab)

    • -AutoSize: avoid truncation
    • -GroupBy <column-name>
    • Examples
      • Get-Service -Name win* | Format-Table -AutoSize -GroupBy status

• Sort output

  Sort-Object [-Descending]

  • Examples

    • Get-Process | Sort-Object id

• Filter output

  Where-Object (opens in a new tab)

  • Examples

    • Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.<column-name> -eq "<column-value>"}

• Alias (opens in a new tab)

  • Display all effective aliases

    alias

    or

    Get-Alias

  • Create new aliases

    New-Alias -Name <alias-name> -Value <alias-value>

• Working with archives

  • Compression

    • Compress a directory that includes the root directory

      Compress-Archive -Path C:\Reference -DestinationPath C:\Archives\Draft.zip

  • Extraction

    • Extract contents of an archive into a specified directory

      Expand-Archive -LiteralPath 'C:\Archives\Draft[v1].zip' -DestinationPath C:\Reference

• Search

  • Search file(s) by pattern

    Get-Childitem –Path <PATH> -Include <FILE_PATTERN> -Exclude *.JPG,*.MP3,*.TMP -File -Recurse

  • Search file content (grep equivalent)

    Use Select-String (opens in a new tab)

• Clipboard interactions

  • Pipe stdin to clipboard (copy)

    PS> $env:ComputerName | Set-Clipboard

  • Get clipboard content (paste)

  • Resources

    • How To Copy Paste Content via Clipboard in PowerShell (opens in a new tab)

• Find the location of a command, equivalent to which in bash

  Get-Command <command> -All

Networking

• Excluded port range

  Messages like Ports are not available: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:<port>: bind: An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions. could mean the specified port is being excluded instead of being used.

  Use netsh interface ipv4 show excludedportrange protocol=tcp, you will get:

  Protocol tcp Port Exclusion Ranges
   
  Start Port    End Port
  ----------    --------
        1031        1130
        1131        1230
        1231        1330
        1331        1430
        1431        1530
        1561        1660
        2363        2462
        2463        2562
        2563        2662
        2663        2762
        2763        2862
        2863        2962
        5357        5357
       50000       50099     *
       55500       55599
   
  * - Administered port exclusions.

  Run net stop winnat and net start winnat to restart winnat service.

  Now the port should be available, but if you are disconnected, you need to reboot.

  Run netsh interface ipv4 show excludedportrange protocol=tcp, your port is probably not excluded anymore.

  • Resources

    • Stack Overflow - What is Administered port exclusions in windows 10? (opens in a new tab)
    • Super User - Many excludedportranges how to delete - hyper-v is disabled (opens in a new tab)